Testing the Water
Understand the relationship between pH and total alkalinity. The pH of the water is essentially a measure of the level of acidity in the water. Total alkalinity is a measure of the water’s ability to buffer and resist changes to the pH.
More precisely, pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water. Fewer hydrogen ions will cause the pH to spike.
Total alkalinity’s ability to measure the water’s resistance is more accurately described as a measurement of “buffering capacity.”
When the alkalinity of the water becomes high or low, the pH will follow shortly after.
Since the two are so closely connected, you will often need to correct both at the same time.
Know the signs of high alkalinity and high pH. You can usually tell when the pH and alkalinity of your hot tub are high based on the way it runs.
When the alkalinity and pH get too high, chlorine-based disinfectants are less effective. As a result, the water quality deteriorates, causing build-up and other problems in the hot tub.
Signs of high alkalinity include the formation of scales along the sides and bottom of the tub, cloudy water, skin irritation, eye irritation, and poor sanitary conditions.
Similarly, signs of high pH also include poor sanitary conditions, cloudy water, the formation of scales, skin irritation, and eye irritation. The lifespan of the hot tub’s filter will also decrease.
Note that if you see corrosion, etched plaster, or stained plaster, the pH and alkalinity are probably too low. Rapid changes in he pH are often symptomatic of low alkalinity, as well.
Test the total alkalinity of the hot tub. Even if you suspect that the alkalinity of your hot tub water is high, you should confirm your suspicions by testing the water with an alkalinity testing strip or kit.
An ideal range for alkalinity is between 80 and 120 ppm.
Total alkalinity should be tested before the pH.
Test the pH of the hot tub. Similarly, even if you suspect that the pH of the water is high, you should take a precise measurement of the actual pH by testing the water with a pH testing kit or testing strips.
The ideal pH range for hot tub water is between 7.4 and 7.6, but the acceptable range is between 7.2 and 7.8.
If the water pH is higher than this ideal range, the water is too basic or alkaline.
Lowering the pH
Choose the right chemical. To lower both total alkalinity and pH, you will need to add an acid. Liquid muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid diluted to 20 percent) and dry sodium bisulfate are among the most popular choices.
The acid combines with the water, thereby increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions and lowering the pH.
Similarly, the acid reacts with bicarbonates in the water and reduces the water’s total alkalinity in the process.
You could also look for a generic “pH decreaser,” “alkalinity decreaser,” or “combination decreaser” chemical at a pool supply store.
Determine your initial measurements based on total alkalinity. The pH will drop faster than the alkalinity, so you need to fix the alkalinity first. Once you balance the alkalinity, the pH will gradually adjust to it.
Always follow the instructions on your pH/alkalinity chemical when preparing the correct amount.
As a general rule, you will need 1.6 lbs (725.75 g) sodium bisulfate or 1.3 qt (1.23 L) muriatic acid for every 10,000 gallons (37.85 kL) of water to drop the total alkalinity by 10 ppm.
Mix the chemical together with a small amount of water. Scoop water out of your hot tub into an 8 gal (30.28 L) plastic bucket until that container is three-quarters full. Pour the full amount of pH decreaser into the water in the bucket and let it dissolve.
You must add the acid to the water. Pouring the acid into the bucket first and adding the water can cause damage to the bucket and may result in ineffective mixing.
Turn the hot tub on. Make sure that the pump and filters are running. The hot tub should be set at its usual temperature and speed before you continue.
It is crucial, however, that no one is in the hot tub while you are balancing the water.
Add the diluted chemical to the hot tub. Slowly pour the diluted decreaser into the center of the hot tub.
Pour the acid in gradually instead of dumping it in all at once. Adding the acid too quickly can cause damage to the sides, bottom, and equipment in the hot tub.
Give the water a chance to balance. Allow the pump to circulate the water for three to six hours after you add the decreaser.
During this time, the pumps should circulate the water and acid together more thoroughly. Only after the two have been well combined will the pH and alkalinity be consistent throughout the hot tub, and you need to wait until these measurements are consistent before moving on any further.
Test the alkalinity and pH again. Test the alkalinity first, then the pH.
If done correctly, the alkalinity should already be balanced. The pH may not be balanced yet, however.
If either the alkalinity or pH is still high, repeat the process. Continue as needed until the water is well balanced.
Periodically drain the water. You should completely drain the water in your hot tub at least once every four to six months. Afterward, fill the hot tub back up, balance the pH and alkalinity as needed, and continue to monitor the conditions as usual.
You will need to balance the pH and alkalinity of your water nearly every week if you use the hot tub regularly. Adding chemicals to the water so often can cause excess build-up, and you will likely notice that it is becoming more difficult to balance your water conditions.
Once you notice this difficulty, it is time for you to change the old water out for fresh water.
